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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 12.1 Recombinant DNA Technology, characteristics contains genes which can be useful to bacteria such as ampR which codes for antibiotic resistance. These genes can be used as genetic markers for selection., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 8.DNA fragment with sticky ends are useful in gene technology to join two different source to produce a recombinant DNA., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology f)Modifying Enzymes 1. a)An example of modifying enzyme is used to join fragments of DNA .It catalyses the formation of the phosphodiester bond(covelent bond) between the sugar and phosphate molecules of adjacent nucleotides b)During the insertion of a target gene into a cloning vector,DNA ligase joins the target gene and the plasmid to produce a recombinant DNA, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology b)Tools Used in Recombination DNA Technology 2. Restriction enzymes used to cut DNA into fragment, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 7.The unpaired bases of a DNA fragment can form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases of the sticky end of another DNA fragment., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology e)Host Cell 2.such as E.coli should, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology b)Tools Used in Recombination DNA Technology 3.DNA cloning vectors such as plasmid and bacteriophage to carry the target gene into a host cell, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology b)Tools Used in Recombination DNA Technology 1. Target DNA,that is the gene interest, 2. for example bacterial plasmid,bacteriphages, cosmids and yeast artificial chromosome(YAS) b)bacteriophages 1. are bacteria-infecting viruses 2. is a linear double helix molecule 3. the recombinant DNA is then returned back into a bacteriophage and inserted into a host cell, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 9.such as SmaI,cut DNA in a straight way. This result in DNA fragment with blunt ends., characteristics able to accept foreign DNA in multiple cloning sites(MCS), that is,the vector posses many restriction sites for many restriction enzymes, 2.such as E.coli should able to maintain structure of the recombinant DNA from one generation to another, 2.such as E.coli should able to amplify(multiply) the gene product of recombinant DNA, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 6.most cut DNA sequence in a staggered way. This result in DNA fragments with unpaired bases at the ends. These ends are called stiky ends., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology d)DNA Cloning Vectors 2. for example bacterial plasmid,bacteriphages, cosmids and yeast artificial chromosome(YAS), 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 5.has restriction site that is a sequence that consist of the same four to eight nucleotide on both DNA strand but arranged in opposite directions.The sequence is said to be palindromic., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 2.will cut or cleave the intruding bacteriphage DNA during infection.this process called restriction., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology a) Introduction 1. Naturally,DNA recombinants occurs randomly during meiosis 1 through crossing over of homologous chromosomes,during fertilisation when two gametes fuse,or through mutations or transformation, 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology b)Tools Used in Recombination DNA Technology 4. Host cell,that is,bacterial cell that allows the cloning vector to replicate within it., 12.1 Recombination DNA Technology c)Restriction Enzymes 3.very specific in action,that is particular restriction enzyme identifies a specific base sequence known as restriction sites and cuts the DNA aat specific point between two nucleotides in the site.